Best of Index   Articles Index   Articles Pt.1   Articles Pt.2    Editorials    Interviews    Reviews



© The following article is copyright Thames and Hudson LTD. No reproduction of any kind is allowed unless expressly authorized!!!




Part I - Animals

From REG Issue #13


In the world of Rock, architect Mark Fisher and engineer Jonathan Park, are acknowledged masters of the difficult scale and complexity of big stadium shows.
They also get to work for bands who can be persuaded to spend the kind of money which turns audiences' experience of watching a set of small figures performing a hundred yards away into a stunning memorable occasion. What they do is take the personality of the performers and reflect and reinforce them in as extreme a visual way as they will allow.

Where other rock designers tend to produce only concept drawings which are worked up by others for building, Fisher and Park understand the nuts and bolts of their designs, because they have themselves drawn them out in the form of concept sketches. through mechanical engineering computer drawings, right down to the scaffolding layouts. They also know a lot about real-life technicalities, having served a hard apprenticeship as touring road crew on the American and European circuits.
What Fisher and Park do is to create instant high-performance, live architectural environments. Their palette of materials is aluminum, steel, scrim, cabling, projection cloth and fabric; their underlying structure is usually scaffolding. Their basic mechanical services are sound and lighting systems operating under sophisticated electronic control. They also include pyrotechnics launchers, video walls, cine and still projectors, lifts, cherry pickers, cranes and mobile generators. Their sites are a string of changing open spaces, sports stadiums, and arenas. And, unlike any other architecture, theirs exists only when it is being used.

Pink Floyds performances, almost from the beginning, were unlike any others. their numbers went on for half an hour and they played while being washed by images from projectors, moving oil wheels, ether-injected slides, movie films and whatever strange visual effects the developing technology of acid culture could produce. Within a couple of years their shows had become legendary, intensely visual live performance art. Their music, with its unrelenting, gut-vibrating, low frequency notes, its collaging of sounds from found sources and the extraordinary and lengthy development of single chords, was right at the sharp end of the new wave, as close as it was possible to get to the dream-like, free-form, hallucinatory ethos and imagery of psychedelia.

Fisher and Park's introduction to rock was in designing and touring a set of inflatables with Pink Floyd's Animals tour of 1977. During a December 1976 photocall for the animals album cover, Pink Floyd's giant inflatable pig had escaped from its moorings at Battersea Power Station in England. Designed by Jeffrey Shaw of Amsterdam-based Eventstructure Research Group, it had been constructed by Balloon Fabrik in Germany. The ring connecting the mooring cable to the loom of cables attached to the pig snapped, and the pig ascended majestically through the Heathrow Airport flight path and landed later in Kent.

Pink Floyd wanted to include additional inflatables for the American leg of the tour and asked Aubrey Powell to find a new inflatables designer. Powell was a member of Hipgnosis, the graphic designers responsible for the Animals album cover and many others for Pink Floyd and various other groups.

He contacted Andrew Sanders, and art director with experience of wax-work figures. Uncertain where to begin, Sanders contacted the doorman at the Palace Theater in London, the unofficial Yellow Pages for specialist theater skills. Two years previously the doorman had taken down Fisher's details after he had worked on some inflatable props for a Barry Humphries show. The link was established with the Pink Floyd production team.

The new set of inflatables represented a nuclear family. Made up of a businessman, his blowsy wife on a sofa, a son, daughter and a half child, it was an ironic reference to the official statistic that the average British nuclear family had 2.5 offspring.
Associated with these anthropomorphic figures were typical consumer durables: a television set, a refrigerator and a full sized Cadillac - and the standard reference of the time to police and authority, the giant pig.

Pink Floyd asked Sanders and Fisher to create the family of new inflatables together with their control mechanisms.Fisher asked Park to collaborate on engineering their rigging and controls - and tour the show from Miami to Montreal for six months.

Roger Waters wanted the figures to be life-size, but Fisher thought they should relate to the scale of an auditorium.
Although they
reached a
compromise
of three times
life-size,
he was still
unhappy.

The rescued
helium filled
pig was used
for publicity,
and new show
pigs were made
from its patterns.

Sanders and Fisher sculpted the scale models for the inflatables in Styrofoam and, using an overhead projector, enlarged tissue paper patterns from them up to full-size cutting patterns.
Rob Harries,
ex-Hornsey
College of Art
student and a
member of
the British
pneumatics
circuit,
sewed the
figures ready
for installation
and inflation
with industrial
fans.

Park engineered
the rigging
and designed
and built the
raising and
lowering system
for the
inflatables.

The American Animals set was designed to be located across on end of an outdoor stadium, with the Pa stacked in towers either side of the stage and a main backdrop formed by the big circular projection screen Pink Floyd had used on several previous tours.

Lighting was suspended form pneumatic telescopic towers either side of the stage, from cherry pickers on front of the stage and from lights fixed around the perimeter of the circular screen. The inflatables traveled along a very long cable stretching over the stage from right to left held up at each end by mobile hydraulic cranes. Another long cable, sometimes as long as 400 meters (1300 feet) depending on the stadium, stretched from the back of the venue to behind the set attached to the stadium structure or by additional cranes. It carried the Pig.

For the Pig's number it emerged above the audience, and finally disappeared behind the stage set. A few seconds later it reappeared to float up into the night sky and suddenly explode. The second pig was in reality a disposable version filled with helium, with an inner bag of propane fitted with an igniter.

The tour carried a stock of explodable pigs. In the dark backstage, his hair standing on end from the static charge, Fisher would fill a pig with propane and helium, alert the line of crew men holding the mooring rope behind the stage, let it fly up more than 100 meters (330 feet) and press the ignition button.
In Milwaukee, Fisher and winch boss Richard Harman, decided to experiment with a mixture of acetylene and oxygen instead of propane. The band had been given a special injunction to keep the nose down because of the proximity of a veterans' hospital. Fisher sent up the pig with the new mixture inside it and pressed the button.

There was a huge flash and the pig disappeared. A split second later they heard an enormous detonation in the night sky. The cable crew went down like dominoes, showered with confetti. The band was badly shocked. The inflatables were packed unobtrusively in boxes to the sides of the set. On cue, built-in industrial fans rapidly inflated them and they were then hauled up overhead by winches suspended from the long cross-stage cable. The Father was slung from a traveling winch which flew him over the stage where he slowly descended into a crumpled heap during the final verse of his song.

One of pyrotechnician Wilf Scott's jogs was to fire sheep from mortors at the back of the set over the stage to float down into the audience during the song "Sheep." The sheep were made from tea-bag paper, with holes in the feet to provide a parachute effect and weighted to keep them upright. For each show half a dozen were fired one by one during the song.

On several dates it had not been possible to fire the sheep and Scott had too many on his hands. Fed up, at Chicago he decided to fire off all the spares as well. The band was not amused when salvoes of sheep kept floating overhead into the audience long into the next number, "Pigs On the Wing, Pt. 2." A massive pyrotechnic display signaled the end of the Animals show.

Halfway through their 1975 American tour, Pink Floyd decided they wanted a pyramid to decorate their stage set. They got one built in a great rush, during a four-week break in the middle of the tour. It stood 20 meters (66 feet) square, and 20 meters high. During the show, the top section of the pyramid was to detach itself and float away: the flying pyramid of the United States dollar bank note and Masonic cults.

It was constructed from a fabric covered inflatable frame lifted by helium balloon inside. On its maiden flight on a windy June evening in Pittsburgh the structure tilted sideways, allowing the unsecured balloon to escape through the open bottom. The pyramid fell out of the sky, writing off several cars in the stadium parking lot and the idea was temporarily shelved.

Pink Floyd owned Britannia Row, a company which was responsible for all it's production work. After the 1977 tour, Graeme Fleming, Britannia Row's production director, hired Fisher and Park to resurrect the pyramid. Park designed the steelwork in the form of a 20 meter high cube of lightweight lattice girders with sloping guy ropes at each corner forming the outline of a truncated pyramid. Fisher, who was living in Canada at the time, designed the upper pyramid. He made a number of models and built full-sized mockups of the corners.

When the steelwork was completed, Pink Floyd decided to abandon the project. Fisher and Park saw it as an ideal opportunity to put the theoretical notions of transient structures to the test.

They re-configured the structure as a portable staging gantry to be erected by two mobile cranes and a very small crew. they added a lightweight fabric roof and produced a series of drawings showing its possible uses. It eventually paid for itself when it was transported on two flatbed trucks to form the stage for, among others, Led Zeppelin at Knebworth, and Queen at Saafbrucken and Nuremberg. Later, Britannia Row extended it in anticipation of another performance of The Wall. But it spent most of the time overgrown with nettles at Knebworth and was last seen on the edge of an airfield in Toronto, where in 1988, Pink Floyd had intended to use it in a cut-down form.

Photos and excerpts reprinted with permission from "Rock Sets, The Astonishing Art of Rock Concert Design" by Sutherland Lyall, ISBN 0-500-27697-8, published by Thames Hudson Ltd. 30 Bloomsbury St. London WC1B 3QP. Special thanks to Mark Fisher of Fisher Park Ltd. and Thames and Hudson Ltd. for their kind consent in allowing our club to reprint and reproduce this material.


   Best of Index   Articles Index   Articles Pt.1   Articles Pt.2    Editorials    Interviews    Reviews